Geology 109, General Oceanography
Spring 1996, Learning Community Section
Unit1, Topic 2, Matter and Atomic Structure
Chemistry is the Study of -----> Matter
Matter (that which takes up space and has mass)
Matter comes in two forms:
Substances and Mixtures
American Chemical Society Computer Data Bank has over
4 million entries......
- 10,000 Mixtures
- remainder are "Substances".
- 63,000 entries are commercially important!
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- 3,400 cosmetic ingredients
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Substances come in two types:
Elements and Compounds
Elements
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around 90 are naturally occurring, rest of those on a Periodic Chart are man-made
(those above 92 or U for Uranium)
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Character --- unable to easily separate into simpler particles of matter, and each element has unique physical properties.
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- Example #1, What are the general characteristics of Sodium (Na) ?
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Another Periodic Chart
to explore…..
A look at the The Chemistry of Carbon
Compounds
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the vast majority of the ACS's computer listing (the 4 million plus)
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Character -- combinations of 2 or more elements, having physical properties different than the properties of the combining elements
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Basic Unit -- the Molecule
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Elementary Atomic Structure
Three Important Properties of These Particles
| Charge |
| positive, neutral, or negative
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| Mass
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| Measured in Atomic Mass Units (AMU's)
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| Space
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| in nucleus
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| in orbits outside nucleus
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Visualizing Atomic Orbitals
(interesting look at the chemist's view but WAY beyond our basic
orbital model of an atom!)
| Proton(s)
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| Carry a positive charge
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| Weigh 1 A.M.U
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| Found in nucleus
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| Neutron(s)
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| * Carry a neutral charge
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| * Weigh 1 A.M.U
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| * Found in nucleus
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| Electron(s)
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| Carry a negative charge
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| in orbits outside nucleus
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| "essentially" nothing
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| A Summary Chart of Properties (which will not look good in lynx)
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| Particles |
protons | neutrons
| electrons |
| Charge |
positive | neutral | negative
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| Mass | 1 A.M.U
| 1 A.M.U | essentially nothing
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Space
| in nucleus | in nucleus |
in orbits outside nucleus
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Chemical Resource Pages
Umeå University,
Umeå, Sweden
On to Molecules and Chemical Bonding
Jim Locke, College of Marin c/o jim@marin.cc.ca.us