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A References list is an essential part of a research paper. The list is provided to indicate the sources of information used to formulate the content and ideas presented in the paper. Each entry in a References list is written following a specific citation format. Examples of citations following American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines for various types of print sources are given below.
Notes: (1) To conserve space on this Guide, citations longer than one line are shown single-spaced. When composing an actual Cited Works list, citations longer than one line should be double-spaced. (2) A variation of using an underline for titles is using italics. Check with your instructor before using this variation.
The following title discusses in greater detail the use of APA guidelines for citing print sources:
American Psychological Association. (1994). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
& & & & &
BOOKS
One Author Author's Last Name, Initial(s). (Date of Publication). Title. Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Example: Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton.
Two Authors (Use comma and ampersand.)
Example: Fleming, W., & Macomber, F. (1990) Musical arts and styles. Gainesville:
University of Florida Press.
Corporate Author (When author and publisher are identical, use "Author" as name of publisher;
and Edition edition statement appears after book title, before the period ending the title
Statement information.)
Example: American Psychiatric Association. (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of
mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Editor ("Ed." indicates editor.)
Example: Nelson, M. (Ed.) (1994). The presidency and the political system
(4th ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Article in an Article Author. (Date of Publication). Article title. In Editor (Ed.),
Edited Book Book title (inclusive page numbers of article). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example: Satel, S. L. (2000). Addiction is not a disease. In J. A. Hurley (Ed.),
Addiction: Opposing viewpoints (pp. 17-23). San Diego: Greenhaven Press.
Article in an Article Author. (Date of Publication). Article title. In Encyclopedia title
Encyclopedia (Volume number, inclusive page numbers of article). Place of Publication:
Publisher.
Example: McNeil, D. W., Turk, C. L., & Ries, Barry J. (1994). Anxiety and fear.
In Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 151-163). San Diego:
Academic Press.
PERIODICAL ARTICLES
Magazine Article Article Author. (Date of Publication). Article title. Magazine Title,
volume number, inclusive page numbers of article.
Example: Marsh, A. (1999, April 19). Can you hum your way to math genius?
Forbes, 163, 176-180.
Article in a
Continuously Article Author. (Year of Publication). Article title. Journal Title,
Paginated Journal volume number, inclusive page numbers of article.
Example: Kendler, H. H. (1999). The role of value in the world of psychology.
American Psychologist, 54, 828-835.
Article in a
Non-Continuously Article Author. (Year of Publication). Article title. Journal Title,
Paginated Journal volume number(issue number), inclusive page numbers of article.
Example: Bearden, R. E. (1999). One state's reaction to wartime internment.
Journal of the West, 38(2), 14-21.
Non-Continuously (Give all page numbers of article, separated by a comma.)
Paginated Article Author. (Date of Publication) Article title. Newspaper Title,
Newspaper Article page numbers of article.
Example: Miller, J. (1999, October 20). U.S. once deployed 12,000 atom arms in
two dozen nations. The New York Times, pp. A1, A8.
If you need help with citations or using any of the library's resources,
please ask a Reference Librarian for assistance.
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